Where are white smokers found?

Definition. A white smoker is a hydrothermal vent emitting alkaline high-pH hydrothermal fluid on the ocean floor. These fluids are cooler (260–300°C) than those emitted by black smokers (360°C) and are sited away, or “off-axis,” from the mid-ocean ridges.

Where are black and white smokers found?

“Black smokers” are chimneys formed from deposits of iron sulfide, which is black. “White smokers” are chimneys formed from deposits of barium, calcium, and silicon, which are white. Underwater volcanoes at spreading ridges and convergent plate boundaries produce hot springs known as hydrothermal vents.

What are white smokers and why are they white?

White smoker White smoker fluid is usually cooler (only 250-300°C!) and flows more slowly than the black smoker fluid. The chimneys generally are smaller as well. The white color comes from minerals that form when the fluid exits the chimney and mixes with seawater.

Where are hydrothermal vents most often found?

mid-ocean ridges

The most numerous and spectacular hydrothermal vents are found along world’s mid-ocean ridges. The heat source for these springs is the magma (molten rock) beneath the volcanic ridge system.

Where are deep sea hydrothermal vents found?

Deep hydrothermal vents are located in areas with high tectonic activity, including the edges of tectonic plates, undersea mountain ranges and seamounts, and mid-ocean ridges.

Is the Pompeii worm an animal?

The Pompeii worm (Alvinella pompejana) is an extremophile—an animal that thrives under extreme conditions.

How are white smokers in the lost city are different from black smokers?

The world’s deepest known black smokers are located in the Cayman Trough, 5,000 m (3.1 miles) below the ocean’s surface. White smoker vents emit lighter-hued minerals, such as those containing barium, calcium and silicon.

Where do black smokers occur?

Locations. Black smokers are found along the mid-ocean ridges. The two main locations for the mid-ocean ridges are the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The reason that black smokers are typically found in these areas is due to the fact that these areas are where the tectonic plates meet.

Are there plants in hydrothermal vents?

They are not the only autotrophs in the sea. Besides the other nonalgal plant communities mentioned earlier, there are chemoautotrophs in hydrothermal vent communities, which use inorganic reactions rather than light as the energy source, and some bacteria are photosynthetic.

Which three metals are found around hydrothermal vents?

jannaschii (14) in increasing concentrations of three metals (Co, Cu, and Zn) found in hydrothermal vent fluids and in increasing concentrations of sulfide.

Why can mining for mineral in the deep ocean have a large impact on the environment?

Deep-sea mining could have environmental effects, such as stirring up sediment clouds that could spread toxic heavy metals. Mining noise and lights could affect sea life, and could destroy habitats on the ocean floor, around hydrothermal vents, and on seamounts and ridges.

Is there gold in the ocean?

Yes, there is gold in the ocean.

Gold in the ocean is so dilute that its concentration is on the order of parts per trillion. Pictured above, the ROV Deep Discoverer investigates the geomorphology of Block Canyon in the Atlantic Ocean.

Are there still sea mines in the ocean?

Yes, there are about 40 000 mines still in the Baltic Sea, from the roughly 165 000 laid during ww1 and ww2.

Why is cyanide used in gold mining?

Cyanide use in mining

Gold is one of the noble metals and as such it is not soluble in water. Cyanide, which stabilizes the gold species in solution, and an oxidant such as oxygen are required to dissolve gold. The first step in the process is to prepare the ore by crushing and grinding.

Where is cyanide found?

Low levels of cyanides are found in nature and in products we commonly eat and use. Cyanides can be produced by certain bacteria, fungi and algae. Cyanides are also found in cigarette smoke, in vehicle exhaust, and in foods such as spinach, bamboo shoots, almonds, lima beans, fruit pits and tapioca.

How is gold separated from cyanide?

Process. Cyanide can be used to extract gold, either in a controlled mill environment, or more crudely on rock piles in the open. Cyanide “vat leaching” mixes finely crushed ore with a cyanide salt in water. The cyanide binds to the gold ions, and makes them soluble in water, thereby allowing separation from the rock.

How can you dissolve gold without cyanide?

Thiosulphate leaching is a process that removes gold from gold bearing ores without the use of cyanide. Although not as aggressive a leaching agent as cyanide, thiosulphate offers several technological advantages including its lower toxicity and greater efficiency with gold deposits associated with preg-robbing ores.

How much gold is still in Alaska?

At the end of 2015 there were reserves of 162.4 million tons at 0.012 ounce of gold per ton (0.37 g/t), sufficient to carry the mine plan into year 2020, within a total identified resource of 284.4 million tons at 0.013 ounce per ton (0.40 g/t), containing 1,900,000 troy ounces (59,000 kg) of gold.

What has the most gold in it for recovery?

Computer CPU’s (processors) have the most precious metal value by weight, followed by Memory (RAM) & Circuit Board Fingers / Connectors / Pins, then Circuit Boards (Motherboards), then cables / wires, with hard drives & whole computers being last.

What is Cnlite?

According to Xinhai, CNLITE is a new environmentally friendly gold leaching reagent produced by the Xinhai Group. CNLITE is being used in some countries as an alternative to traditional cyanide as gold extraction agent. Cyanide is a highly toxic reagent.

What is gold dressing?

CNFREE eco-friendly gold dressing agent is a high-tech gold ore dressing agent that can completely replace sodium cyanide without changing the original gold ore leaching process and beneficiation equipment. It also has the advantages of sodium cyanide and environmental leaching agent.