What is design basis earthquake?

design-basis earthquake (DBE): “That earthquake for which the safety systems are designed to remain functional both during and after the event, thus assuring the ability to shut down and maintain a safe configuration.”

What is MCE and DBE?

The MCE (Maximum Credible Earthquake) is the most severe earthquake effects considered by this standard. The DBE (Design Basic Earthquake) is the earthquake effects which can reasonably be expected to occur at least once during the design life of the structure.

What is beyond design basis accident?

This term is used as a technical way to discuss accident sequences that are possible but were not fully considered in the design process because they were judged to be too unlikely.

What is SSE earthquake?

Safe Shutdown Earthquake (SSE) SSE is a Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) ground motion with 2% probability of exceedance within 50 year period. Plastic behavior and significant finite movements and deformations are permissible. The facility is not required to remain operational after the SSE event.

What is MCE in seismic design?

MCEs. In a normal seismic hazard analyses intended for the public, that of a “maximum considered earthquake”, or “maximum considered event” (MCE) for a specific area, is an earthquake that is expected to occur once in approximately 2,500 years; that is, it has a 2-percent probability of being exceeded in 50 years.

What is seismic zone factor Z?

Seismic Zone Factor (Z):

It is represent the peak ground acceleration in studied site as a percentage of gravity. acceleration g (9.81 m/sec2).

What is seismic zone3?

Seismic Zone III: Seismic Zone 3/III is classified as the moderate-damage risk zone. Here, the IS Code allots 0.16 to this zone. Zone III, or moderate earthquake zone, covers 30% of India.

What is seismic zone4?

Zone-IV includes the remaining parts of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. Delhi-NCR region, Sikkim, northern parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal, parts of Gujarat and small portions of Maharashtra near the west coast and Rajasthan also fall in this zone.

What is Zone Factor?

Zone factors are given on the basis of expected intensity of the earthquake in different zones. In IS Code, it is given based on the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE) and service life of the structure in a zone.

What is the Richter scale?

Richter scale (M_L), quantitative measure of an earthquake’s magnitude (size), devised in 1935 by American seismologists Charles F. Richter and Beno Gutenberg. The earthquake’s magnitude is determined using the logarithm of the amplitude (height) of the largest seismic wave calibrated to a scale by a seismograph.

What is a 6 magnitude earthquake?

At most slight damage to well-designed buildings. 6.0-6.9. Strong.

What is the amplitude of an earthquake?

The amplitude is the size of the wiggles on an earthquake recording.

What is the epicenter of an earthquake?

The location below the earth’s surface where the earthquake starts is called the hypocenter, and the location directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter.

What earthquake causes?

Earthquakes are the result of sudden movement along faults within the Earth. The movement releases stored-up ‘elastic strain’ energy in the form of seismic waves, which propagate through the Earth and cause the ground surface to shake.

What is hypocenter and epicenter?

The hypocenter is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts. The epicenter is the point directly above it at the surface of the Earth. Also commonly termed the focus.

What is intensity in earthquake?

The intensity is a number (written as a Roman numeral) describing the severity of an earthquake in terms of its effects on the earth’s surface and on humans and their structures. Several scales exist, but the ones most commonly used in the United States are the Modified Mercalli scale and the Rossi-Forel scale.

What is the difference between magnitude and Richter scale?

Magnitude: Earthquake size is a quantitative measure of the size of the earthquake at its source. The Richter Magnitude Scale measures the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake.

What is the difference between the Mercalli and Richter scales?

While the Mercalli scale describes the intensity of an earthquake based on its observed effects, the Richter scale describes the earthquake’s magnitude by measuring the seismic waves that cause the earthquake. The two scales have different applications and measurement techniques.

What is difference between intensity and magnitude?

Magnitude is a measure of earthquake size and remains unchanged with distance from the earthquake. Intensity, however, describes the degree of shaking caused by an earthquake at a given place and decreases with distance from the earthquake epicentre.

What is the difference between focus and epicenter of an earthquake?

The focus is the place inside Earth’s crust where an earthquake originates. The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. When energy is released at the focus, seismic waves travel outward from that point in all directions.

What is the main difference between active and inactive fault?

Active faults are structure along which we expect displacement to occur. By definition, since a shallow earthquake is a process that produces displacement across a fault, all shallow earthquakes occur on active faults. Inactive faults are structures that we can identify, but which do no have earthquakes.

Which scale is used to measure the strength of the earthquake?

the scale used to measure the strength of an earthquake is RICHTER scale. The likely magnitude of mild earthquake is 3.5magnitude. The likely magnitude of a highly destructive earthquake is 9.5magnitude.

How is an earthquake measured?

A seismograph is the primary earthquake measuring instrument. The seismograph produces a digital graphic recording of the ground motion caused by the seismic waves. The digital recording is called a seismogram. A network of worldwide seismographs detects and measures the strength and duration of the earthquake’s waves.

How do you monitor earthquakes?

Seismometers allow us to detect and measure earthquakes by converting vibrations due to seismic waves into electrical signals, which we can then display as seismograms on a computer screen. Seismologists study earthquakes and can use this data to determine where and how big a particular earthquake is.

What tools are used to measure earthquakes?

Seismographs are instruments used to record the motion of the ground during an earthquake. They are installed in the ground throughout the world and operated as part of a seismographic network.