What is slumping in geography?

A slump is a form of mass wasting that occurs when a coherent mass of loosely consolidated materials or a rock layer moves a short distance down a slope. Movement is characterized by sliding along a concave-upward or planar surface.

What is the definition of slumping in geography?

slump, in geology, downward intermittent movement of rock debris, usually the consequence of removal of buttressing earth at the foot of a slope of unconsolidated material. It commonly involves a shear plane on which a back-tilting of the top of the slumped mass occurs.

What is slumping in geography 9th class?

When the weathered materials do not move downward but sink “in situ”, this is called slumping.

What is slumping in erosion?

Slumps are made up of several more-or-less intact blocks of soil and weathered rock, which move downslope above a curved shear surface in underlying rock. The moving mass is separated from the slope behind by a high vertical rupture or headwall.

What is the slumping process?

Slumping is a kilnforming process that uses heat and gravity to transform sheet glass into the shape of a mold. One can to create an almost endless variety of forms when slumping glass. When the glass is heated in a kiln and enters a liquid state, the force of gravity pulls it to the floor.

Where is a slump?

Slump is common where clay-rich materials are exposed along a steep slope. Such oversteepend slopes naturally occur on the outside of meanders along the Red River. Slump is typically identified as the downward movement of a block of earth material along some curved surface of failure.

What is sliding and slumping?

Sliding allows the materials to fall downward in an inclined plane, whereas slumping allows the materials to fall downwcard along a curved plane. Explanation: Sliding and slumping are two of the distinct mass wasting processes, where the loose and unconsolidated materials falls downward under the influence of gravity.

What is slumping in agriculture?

A slump is a form of mass wasting that occurs when a coherent mass of loosely consolidated materials or a rock layer moves a short distance down a slope.

Why do cliffs slump?

Sub-aerial processes, such as rainfall, also cause erosion. This often happens where layers of boulder clay, left behind by melting glaciers, become saturated and cause the cliff to slump.

Is slumping a type of mass movement?

Slump. Slump is a type of slide (movement as a mass) that takes place within thick unconsolidated deposits (typically thicker than 10 m).

How does slumping occur on soft coastlines?

Slumping occurs on a concave cliff face and contributes to this shape as successive slumps accumulate. Material at the slump foot (toe) has to be removed by wave action before more slumping can replace it. Mudflows occur on very steep slopes along the coastline.

How does weathering shape the coastline?

As well as wave energy, other geomorphological processes can modify the coastline. Chemical, mechanical and biological weathering loosen rocks, in advance of their removal by waves and mass movement also provides loose material. There are two main types of mechanical weathering which occur at the coast.

What is Solifluction geology?

solifluction, flowage of water-saturated soil down a steep slope. Because permafrost is impermeable to water, soil overlying it may become oversaturated and slide downslope under the pull of gravity. Soil that has been opened and weakened by frost action is most susceptible.

What is a terraced cliff profile?

Rotational Slumping. Rotational slumping exposes a rotational scar. A rotational scar is a fresh, curved, unweathered and unvegetated rock surface on the cliff face. The detached slope section, often with vegetation intact on top of the slump, forms a beach or terraced cliff profile.

What is talus slope?

Talus slopes are a type in which debris piles up to a characteristic angle of repose. When new debris is added to the slope, thereby locally increasing the angle, the slope adjusts by movement of the debris to reestablish the angle.

What is the wave-cut notch?

A wave-cut notch is formed by erosional processes such as abrasion and hydraulic action – this is a dent in the cliff usually at the level of high tide. As the notch increases in size, the cliff becomes unstable and collapses, leading to the retreat of the cliff face.

What is bays and headlands?

The bands of soft rock, such as sand and clay, erode more quickly than those of more resistant rock, such as chalk. This leaves a section of land jutting out into the sea called a headland. The areas where the soft rock has eroded away, next to the headland, are called bays.

How is an arch formed?

Arches form at headlands, where rocky coastlines jut out into the sea. Powerful waves pound into rock from both sides of the headland. The waves erode (wear away) the rock at sea level to form sea caves on either side. The waves eventually break right through the headland, creating an arch.

What is wave refraction geography?

Wave refraction involves waves breaking onto an irregularly shaped coastline, e.g. a headland separated by two bays. Waves drag in the shallow water approaching a headland so the wave becomes high, steep and short. The part of the wave in the deeper water moves forward faster causing the wave to bend.

Is headland a deposition or erosion?

Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff. Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides.

Is spit erosion or deposition?

A spit or sandspit is a deposition bar or beach landform off coasts or lake shores. It develops in places where re-entrance occurs, such as at a cove’s headlands, by the process of longshore drift by longshore currents.

What’s a sea arch?

Sea arches are a spectacular phenomena created by Mother Nature with a little help from oceans. They are usually composed of a soft rock that eroded over millions of years as waves hit land, carving caves and tunnels in the rock.