What is irreducible water saturation?

Irreducible water saturation value is an indication of total volume of oil and water producible from a reservoir. It also influences the production rate from that reservoir.

What is saturation irreducible?

PetroWiki. The fraction of the pore space occupied by water when the hydrocarbon content is at maximum. This level of water can only be reduced by flow of very dry gas that evaporates the water.

What is the difference between irreducible and connate water saturations?

The term is somewhat imprecise because the irreducible water saturation is dependent on the final drive pressure (when flowing oil or gas) or the maximum speed of rotation (in a centrifuge). The related term connate water saturation is the lowest water saturation found in situ.

How is irreducible water saturation measured?

The laboratory measurements of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) in conventional reservoirs provide accurate levels of mobile water and irreducible water saturation which is the sum of clay bound water and capillary bound water (BVW + BVI).

What is the meaning of water saturation?

1. n. [Formation Evaluation] The fraction of water in a given pore space. It is expressed in volume/volume, percent or saturation units. Unless otherwise stated, water saturation is the fraction of formation water in the undisturbed zone.

How is water saturation measured?

Water saturation (S_w) can be measured directly from a sealed core, which is an expensive method, or it can be calculated from the Archie equation, which is less expensive. S_w can also be estimated using a graphical representation of the Archie equation known as the Pickett plot.

What is critical water saturation?

Critical water saturation is the upper limit for formation water saturation above which a specific sample will produce a significant percentage of water with hydrocarbons. For many years, critical water saturation has been estimated from routine porosity and permeability data.

What is irreducible oil saturation?

As water saturation increases (imbibition), oil relative permeability decreases and water relative permeability increases until no more oil can be displaced by water, at which point oil saturation = S_or (irreducible oil saturation) and water saturation S_w = 1 − S_or.

What is residual water saturation?

Residual water saturation

Residual, or irreducible, water saturation S_wi is the lowest water saturation that can be achieved by a displacement process, and it varies with the nature of the process—gas displacement or oil displacement.

What is petroleum SWC?

oil and sulfur water-cut mud.

What is critical oil saturation?

Critical oil saturation, S_oc

For the oil phase to flow, the saturation of the oil must exceed a certain value which is termed critical oil saturation. At this particular saturation, the oil remains in the pores and, for all practical purposes, will not flow.

What is saturation porosity?

In rocks, saturation refers to the fraction or percent of the pore space that is occupied by some fluid or gas. If the pore spaces in a rock are completely full of water, we say they are 100% saturated with water or simply water saturated.

Why is Bubblepoint pressure important?

Importance of Bubble Point Pressure

Therefore, the accurate knowledge of the reservoir bubble point pressure is very important. If the reservoir pressure declines below the bubble point, the gas will come out of solutions and form a secondary phase that will flow with the oil and occupy part of the reservoir volume.

What is hydrocarbon saturation?

A Saturated hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon in which all the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds. A hydrocarbon is an organic compound whose only constituents are carbon and hydrogen.

What is difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Saturated Hydrocarbons — contain only carbon- carbon single bonds. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons — contain carbon- carbon double or triple bonds (more hydrogens can be added).

What are the three types of saturated hydrocarbons?

Solution

What types of hydrocarbons are saturated?

The oil-derived fossil fuels propane, butane, and octane are examples of saturated hydrocarbons. At one time chemists divided all compounds into two classes: inorganic and organic.

What are the 4 types of hydrocarbons?

Hydrocarbon molecules have one or more central carbon atoms in a branched or chain-like structure, surrounded by hydrogen atoms. There are four main categories of hydrocarbons: Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic hydrocarbons.

Which is saturated compound?

saturated compound In organic chemistry, compounds in which carbon atoms bond to one another by single covalent bonds only, never by more reactive double or triple chemical bonds.

What is another name for saturated hydrocarbons?

Alkanes

Alkanes are also called saturated hydrocarbons, whereas hydrocarbons that contain multiple bonds (alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics) are unsaturated.

Why alkane is saturated?

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, which means that their carbon backbones contain no double or triple bonds. Due to the valence configuration of carbon, there are a variety of alkane isomers, which are commonly separated into linear and branched structures.

What is isomerism and isomers?

Isomerism is the phenomenon in which more than one compounds have the same chemical formula but different chemical structures. Chemical compounds that have identical chemical formulae but differ in properties and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule are called isomers.

Why butane is called a saturated hydrocarbon?

They are the simplest class of hydrocarbons. They are called saturated because each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible.

Which formula represents unsaturated hydrocarbons?

(2) CH2=CH2. – Unsaturated hydrocarbon means the hydrocarbon which contains atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms.

Is propane saturated or unsaturated?

Combustion

What is alkane formula?

Alkanes are organic compounds that consist of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms. The formula for Alkanes is C_nH_2n+2, subdivided into three groups – chain alkanes, cycloalkanes, and the branched alkanes.

Why alkane is called paraffin?

Alkanes are called paraffins because they have a little affinity towards a general reagent. In other words, alkanes are inert substances. They undergo reactions under drastic conditions.

What are 5 common hydrocarbons?

Common hydrocarbons:

• Methane(CH₄)
• Ethane(C₂H₆)
• Propane(C₃H₈)
• Butane(C₄H₁₀)
• Pentane(C₅H₁₂)
• Hexane(C₆H₁₄)

What does alkyl stand for?

: having a monovalent organic group and especially one C_nH_2n+1 (such as methyl) derived from an alkane (such as methane) alkyl.

What is difference between alkyl and alkyne?

As nouns the difference between alkyne and alkyl

is that alkyne is (organic chemistry) a hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon–carbon triple bond while alkyl is (organic chemistry) any of a series of univalent radicals of the general formula c_nh_2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons.

What is alkyne formula?

Alkynes are hydrocarbons which contain carbon-carbon triple bonds. Their general formula is C_nH_2n–2 for molecules with one triple bond (and no rings). Alkynes undergo many of the same reactions as alkenes, but can react twice because of the presence of the two p-bonds in the triple bond.