What is andesitic magma?

Andesite magma commonly erupts from stratovolcanoes as thick lava flows, some reaching several km in length. Andesite magma can also generate strong explosive eruptions to form pyroclastic flows and surges and enormous eruption columns. Andesites erupt at temperatures between 900 and 1100 ° C.

What are the characteristics of andesitic magma?

It ranges in temperature from about 1000^oC to 1200^oC (1832^oF to 2192^oF). Andesitic magma has moderate amounts of these minerals, with a temperature range from about 800^oC to 1000^oC (1472^oF to 1832^oF). Rhyolitic magma is high in potassium and sodium but low in iron, magnesium, and calcium.

How is andesitic magma formed?

Andesitic magma is formed through wet partial melting of the mantle. The mantle under the ocean has contact with water. When subduction, or continental plates pulling away from one another, occurs, the mantle will heat up and water is pushed into it.

What is rhyolitic magma?

Rhyolite is an extrusive igneous rock, formed from magma rich in silica that is extruded from a volcanic vent to cool quickly on the surface rather than slowly in the subsurface. It is generally light in color due to its low content of mafic minerals, and it is typically very fine-grained (aphanitic) or glassy.

What type of rock is andesitic magma?

Andesite is an aphanitic (fine-grained) igneous rock that is intermediate in its content of silica and low in alkali metals.

What are the minerals of andesitic magma?

Andesite is rich in plagioclase feldspar and amphibole minerals. Quartz and pyroxene minerals may be absent or present in small quantities. Small amounts of mica will be present as biotite or muscovite. Andesite usually does not contain olivine.

What is the origin of andesitic lava?

Granitic, or rhyolitic, magmas and andesitic magmas are generated at convergent plate boundaries where the oceanic lithosphere (the outer layer of Earth composed of the crust and upper mantle) is subducted so that its edge is positioned below the edge of the continental plate or another oceanic plate.

What is an example of andesitic magma?

Andesite commonly erupts from stratovolcanoes, where they form small-volume flows that typically advance only short distances down the flanks of a volcano. The two examples shown here are short andesite flows advancing down the slope of the Lascar volcano in Chile, and the Colima volcano in Mexico.

Why is andesitic lava viscous?

Andesitic lava is an example of a high viscosity lava whereas balastic lava has a low viscosity, so is more runny. High silica content in the andesitic lava contributes to causing this high viscosity and low silica content in the basaltic lava means it is of a lower viscosity.

Is andesitic magma high in silica?

Andesitic magma — SiO₂ 55-65 wt%, intermediate. in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K. Rhyolitic magma — SiO₂ 65-75%, low in Fe, Mg, Ca, high in K, Na.

What is the viscosity of andesitic magma?

102 to 107 Pa s

Andesitic magmas, in particular, have a wide range of magma viscosities, from 102 to 107 Pa s, which is due to a wide range in phenocryst contents from 0 (phenocryst‐free andesitic melt) to ∼50 vol % (50 vol % rhyolitic melt + 50 vol % phenocrysts).

What magma type is the most vicious?

Not surprisingly, supervolcanoes are the most dangerous type of volcano. Supervolcanoes are a fairly new idea in volcanology. The exact cause of supervolcano eruptions is still debated, however, scientists think that a very large magma chamber erupts entirely in one catastrophic explosion.

Is andesitic lava a mafic?

Since andesitic lava has a lower level of aluminum and silica in its composition it is normally hotter with a range of 750-950° C. The last type of lava is mafic lava or basaltic lava. This is one of the hottest types of lava coming out at temperatures exceed 950 degrees Celsius.

What does lahar mean?

Definition: A lahar is a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flow quickly down the slopes of a volcano.

What is volcanic mud called?

A mud volcano or mud dome is a landform created by the eruption of mud or slurries, water and gases. Several geological processes may cause the formation of mud volcanoes.

What is volcanic landslide?

Landslides are common on volcanic cones because they are tall, steep, and weakened by the rise and eruption of molten rock. Magma releases volcanic gases that partially dissolve in groundwater, resulting in a hot acidic hydrothermal system that weakens rock by altering minerals to clay.

What is the difference between pyroclastic flow and lahar?

Lahars can occur long after a volcanic eruption. Pyroclastic flows are avalanches containing hot volcanic gases, ash and volcanic bombs.

What causes a lahar?

Lahars can occur with or without a volcanic eruption

Eruptions may trigger lahars by melting snow and ice or by ejecting water from a crater lake. Pyroclastic flows can generate lahars when extremely hot, flowing rock debris erodes, mixes with, and melts snow and ice as it travel rapidly down steep slopes.

How is lahar flow different from lava flow?

Everything in the path of an advancing lava flow will be knocked over, surrounded, or buried by lava, or ignited by the extremely hot temperature of lava. When lava erupts beneath a glacier or flows over snow and ice, meltwater from the ice and snow can result in far-reaching lahars.

Is a lahar a primary or secondary hazard?

secondary hazard

Lahars. Lahars are another secondary hazard and they are mud and debris that flows down the sides of volcanoes. They are mobilised by water and can be incredibly destructive. These occurred as a result of the recent 2018 eruption of Volcán de Fuego, Guatemala.

Is carbon dioxide a volcanic hazard?

Carbon dioxide gas can collect in low-lying volcanic areas, posing a lethal risk to humans and animals. A burning torch lowered into a CO2 pocket (top) causes the flame to go out (bottom). Magma contains dissolved gases, which provide the driving force that causes most volcanic eruptions.

How do volcanoes benefit humans?

Volcanoes can provide people with many benefits such as: volcanic rock and ash provide fertile land which results in a higher crop yield for farmers. tourists are attracted to the volcano, which increases money to the local economy. geothermal energy can be harnessed, which provides free electricity for locals.

Is pyroclastic flow a secondary effect?

Primary hazards are direct hazards from eruption such as pyroclastic flows, pyroclastic falls, lava flows and poisonous gas release. The secondary hazards are the indirect consequences such as lahars, tsunamis and epidemic disease and post-eruption famine.

Why are volcanoes a hazard?

Lava domes form when high-viscosity lava is slowly erupted from a volcano. Because of the high viscosity of the lava, it cannot travel far from the vent and a dome of lava builds up. These lava domes are particularly hazardous as they tend to be unstable and can collapse, causing pyroclastic density currents.

What’s the smallest volcano in the world?

The Cuexcomate

The Cuexcomate is known as “the smallest volcano in the world” and it is located just 15 minutes away from downtown Puebla in central Mexico. Discover the unexpected at this fascinating site inside the state capital of Puebla.