What are the three types of magma?

There are three basic types of magma: basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic, each of which has a different mineral composition. All types of magma have a significant percentage of silicon dioxide. Basaltic magma is high in iron, magnesium, and calcium but low in potassium and sodium.

What are 3 types of magma and what is their viscosity?

Three general types are recognized: Basaltic magma — SiO₂ 45-55 wt%, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Na. Andesitic magma — SiO₂ 55-65 wt%, intermediate. in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K.
Temperature of Magmas

• Basaltic magma – 1000 to 1200^oC.
• Andesitic magma – 800 to 1000^oC.
• Rhyolitic magma – 650 to 800^oC.

Why are there different types of magma?

Magma formation depends on the type of environment it is formed. Magma is typically found several kilometers from the surface of the earth or in areas with low pressure and high temperature. Geologists identify the types of magma by their silica content which affects their gas content, temperature, and viscosity.

What are the 5 types of magma?

Different Types of Magma

• Basaltic Magma. Basaltic magma is made up of 45 to 55 percent silica. …
• Andesitic Magma. Andesitic magma is the “middle” magma in terms of heat; fluidity, or speed of flow; and gas content. …
• Felsic Magma. …
• Ultramafic Magma.

What are the four main types of magma?

Because many of the properties of a magma (such as its viscosity and temperature) are observed to correlate with silica content, silicate magmas are divided into four chemical types based on silica content: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic.

What is the 3 processes of magma formation?

There are three principal ways rock behavior crosses to the right of the green solidus line to create molten magma: 1) decompression melting caused by lowering the pressure, 2) flux melting caused by adding volatiles (see more below), and 3) heat-induced melting caused by increasing the temperature.

What are the three types of volcanic eruptions?

Types of eruptions

• Hydrothermal eruption. An eruption driven by the heat in a hydrothermal systems. …
• Phreatic eruption. An eruption driven by the heat from magma interacting with water. …
• Phreatomagmatic eruption. …
• Lava. …
• Strombolian and Hawaiian eruptions. …
• Vulcanian eruptions. …
• Subplinian and Plinian eruptions.

What are the 3 main types of volcanoes and their characteristics?

There are three types of volcanoes: cinder cones (also called spatter cones), composite volcanoes (also called stratovolcanoes), and shield volcanoes. Figure 11.22 illustrates the size and shape differences amongst these volcanoes. Shield volcanoes, which get their name from their broad rounded shape, are the largest.

What are the 3 types of volcanoes in the Philippines?

There are three main types of volcano – composite or strato, shield and dome.

What are the 3 types of volcanoes describe the differences between each type?

Cinder cone volcanoes are relatively small, rarely exceeding 1,000 feet tall. Composite volcanoes, also known as stratovolcanoes, are towering structures, often rising more than 10,000 feet. Shield volcanoes are broad, typically 20 times wider than they are high. These volcanoes can be massive.

Are described into 3 types according to cone shape?

Volcanoes are classified by the eruption type and by the volcanic cone shape. There are three basic cone shapes and six eruption types. The three cone shapes are cinder cones, shield cones, and composite cones or stratovolcanoes.

Which of the three types of volcanoes discussed pose the greatest threat to property and human life?

pyroclastic flows and lahars are most dangerous to human life. Ash fall and lava flows affect property.

What are different types of volcano?

Strictly speaking there are two broad types of volcano, a stratovolcano and a shield volcano, although there are lots of different volcanic features that can form from erupted magma (such as cinder cones or lava domes) as well processes that shape volcanoes.

What is lava and magma?

Scientists use the term magma for molten rock that is underground and lava for molten rock that breaks through the Earth’s surface.

What are the three external parts of a volcano?

Flank – The side of a volcano. Lava – Molten rock that erupts from a volcano that solidifies as it cools. Crater – Mouth of a volcano – surrounds a volcanic vent. Conduit – An underground passage magma travels through.

What are the two secondary types of volcanoes?

Types of volcano – composite and shield.

What are the 3 main types of volcanoes for kids?

Scientists have categorized volcanoes into three main categories: active, dormant, and extinct. An active volcano is one which has recently erupted and there is a possibility that it may erupt soon. A dormant volcano is one which has not erupted in a long time but there is a possibility it can erupt in the future.

What are the four different types of volcano and how do they form?

Learn about the four different types of volcanoes (composite, shield, cinder cone, and lava dome). When we think of volcanoes, often the image that comes to mind is a catastrophic Hollywood-worthy explosion.
Tallest Volcanoes in the World.

What magma types produce explosive and effusive eruptions?

Explosive eruptions occur where cooler, more viscous magmas (such as andesite) reach the surface. Dissolved gases cannot escape as easily, so pressure may build up until gas explosions blast rock and lava fragments into the air! Lava flows are much more thick and sticky so do not flow downhill as easily.

What are three names for non explosive lava?

Non-explosive eruptions produce lavas, such as a‘a, pahoehoe, and pillow lavas. Volcanoes are classified as active, dormant, or extinct.

How many types of eruptions are there?

There are two types of eruptions in terms of activity, explosive eruptions and effusive eruptions. Explosive eruptions are characterized by gas-driven explosions that propels magma and tephra. Effusive eruptions, meanwhile, are characterized by the outpouring of lava without significant explosive eruption.

What magma type is the most vicious?

Not surprisingly, supervolcanoes are the most dangerous type of volcano. Supervolcanoes are a fairly new idea in volcanology. The exact cause of supervolcano eruptions is still debated, however, scientists think that a very large magma chamber erupts entirely in one catastrophic explosion.

What are the top two composition of magma?

Oxygen, the most abundant element in magma, comprises a little less than half the total, followed by silicon at just over one-quarter. The remaining elements make up the other one-quarter. Magmas derived from crustal material are dominated by oxygen, silicon, aluminum, sodium, and potassium.

What are the three factors affecting the viscosity of magma?

Three factors that affect magma viscosity are temperature, composition, and presence of dissolved gases.

What type of volcano is Mount Vesuvius?

The Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex is a central composite volcano formed by an older stratovolcano (Monte Somma) with a summit caldera partially filled by the composite cone of Vesuvius. The most noted eruption, in 79 A.D., destroyed the ancient cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum.

What type of volcano is Mt Etna?

stratovolcano

Etna has several layers of solidified lava, ash and pumice on its slopes and changes height periodically, following an eruption. Etna is a type of volcano known as a stratovolcano. Other stratovolcanoes include Vesuvius and Krakatoa.

What type of volcano is Yellowstone?

supervolcano