What are the four categories of magma?

Because many of the properties of a magma (such as its viscosity and temperature) are observed to correlate with silica content, silicate magmas are divided into four chemical types based on silica content: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic.

What are 3 types of magma and what is their viscosity?

Three general types are recognized: Basaltic magma — SiO₂ 45-55 wt%, high in Fe, Mg, Ca, low in K, Na. Andesitic magma — SiO₂ 55-65 wt%, intermediate. in Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K.
Temperature of Magmas

• Basaltic magma – 1000 to 1200^oC.
• Andesitic magma – 800 to 1000^oC.
• Rhyolitic magma – 650 to 800^oC.

What are the 4 types of magma?

Because many of the properties of a magma (such as its viscosity and temperature) are observed to correlate with silica content, silicate magmas are divided into four chemical types based on silica content: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic.

What are 3 ways magma form?

Magma forms by (1) heat being added to crustal rocks when hotter, deeper mantle rocks rise into the crust; (2) by a decrease in pressure without an increase in temperature; (3) by the addition of water, which can lower the melting point enough to form magma.

Why are there different types of magma?

Why are there so many different types of magmas? Because it depends on the source, how it interacts with its surroundings (assimilation), and whether crystals sink as they form (partial melting and magma mixing).

What are the 3 types of lava flow?

Lava erupting on the deep sea floor has a form most like pahoehoe flows. Threetypes of lava flows are common on the sea floor: pillow lava, lobate lava, andsheet lava.

What are the 3 types of volcanic eruptions?

Types of eruptions

• Hydrothermal eruption. An eruption driven by the heat in a hydrothermal systems. …
• Phreatic eruption. An eruption driven by the heat from magma interacting with water. …
• Phreatomagmatic eruption. …
• Lava. …
• Strombolian and Hawaiian eruptions. …
• Vulcanian eruptions. …
• Subplinian and Plinian eruptions.

What are the 3 main causes of volcanic eruptions?

Although there are several factors triggering a volcanic eruption, three predominate: the buoyancy of the magma, the pressure from the exsolved gases in the magma and the injection of a new batch of magma into an already filled magma chamber.

What are the 4 types of volcanic eruption?

There are four types of eruptions with properties determined mostly by the silica content of magma, and the amount of gas it contains. In order of increasing explosiveness, these are Hawai’ian, Strombolian, Vulcanian, and Plinian eruptions.

What are the 3 primary factors affecting the volcanoes eruptive style?

There are three main factors that influence the violence of a volcanic eruption: 1. magma viscosity, 2. magma temperature, and 3. amount of dissolved gases.

What are types of magma?

There are three basic types of magma: basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic, each of which has a different mineral composition.

What is andesitic magma?

Andesite magma commonly erupts from stratovolcanoes as thick lava flows, some reaching several km in length. Andesite magma can also generate strong explosive eruptions to form pyroclastic flows and surges and enormous eruption columns. Andesites erupt at temperatures between 900 and 1100 ° C.

What magma type is the most vicious?

Not surprisingly, supervolcanoes are the most dangerous type of volcano. Supervolcanoes are a fairly new idea in volcanology. The exact cause of supervolcano eruptions is still debated, however, scientists think that a very large magma chamber erupts entirely in one catastrophic explosion.

What are the top two composition of magma?

Oxygen, the most abundant element in magma, comprises a little less than half the total, followed by silicon at just over one-quarter. The remaining elements make up the other one-quarter. Magmas derived from crustal material are dominated by oxygen, silicon, aluminum, sodium, and potassium.

Which of the three types of volcanoes discussed pose the greatest threat to property and human life?

pyroclastic flows and lahars are most dangerous to human life. Ash fall and lava flows affect property.

What is the weakest volcano?

Within these wide-defining eruptive types are several subtypes. The weakest are Hawaiian and submarine, then Strombolian, followed by Vulcanian and Surtseyan. The stronger eruptive types are Pelean eruptions, followed by Plinian eruptions; the strongest eruptions are called Ultra-Plinian.

What volcano killed the most?

Deadliest Eruption

What is the scariest volcano?

The World’s Most Dangerous Volcanoes

• Mount Pinatubo, The Philippines. …
• Mount Agung, Bali. …
• Mount Fuji, Japan. …
• Popocatépetl, Mexico. …
• Mount Vesuvius, Italy. …
• Timinfaya, Lanzarote. …
• Reykjanes, Iceland. …
• Mount Etna, Sicily. Europe’s highest volcano, Mount Etna is a great place to potentially witness some volcanic activity.