What are the characteristics of giants and supergiants?

Subclasses of giants are supergiants, with even larger radii and brightness for their masses and temperatures (see supergiant star); red giants, which have low temperatures but are of great brightness; and subgiants, which have slightly reduced radii and brightness.

What are the characteristics of supergiants?

supergiant star, any star of very great intrinsic luminosity and relatively enormous size, typically several magnitudes brighter than a giant star and several times greater in diameter.

What are two characteristics of supergiants?

Supergiants are the most massive stars. Supergiants can have masses from 10 to 70 solar masses and brightness from 30,000 up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity. They vary greatly in radii, usually from 30 to 500, or even in excess of 1000 solar radii.

What’s the difference between supergiant and giant?

That is why they are called giants and supergiants: they are much larger stars than the corresponding main sequence stars. For example, a giant star like Arcturus is almost twenty times larger than the Sun, and the supergiant star Antares is more than 300 times larger than the Sun.

How are giants and supergiants different from the stars of the main group?

Supergiants and Red Giants

A star is classified as a supergiant by the type of radiation spectrum it shows, indicating the fusion reactions at its core. Supergiant stars fuse helium and heavier elements, even before they use up the hydrogen in the core. They are less dense and brighter than the main sequence stars.

What are the characteristics of giants and supergiants gizmo?

The Supergiants are cool stars, which are very large and very bright. They are located towards the top right of the graph. The Giants are cool stars, which are a little smaller and dimmer than the Supergiants. The White Dwarfs are very hot stars, which are small in size and relatively dim.

What elements do supernovae produce?

The chemical elements up to iron – carbon, oxygen, neon, silicon and iron – are produced in ordinary stellar neucleosynthesis. The energy and neutrons released in a supernova explosion enable elements heavier than iron, such as Au (gold) and U (Uranium) to form and be expelled into space.

What is the first element created synthetically in the laboratory?

Technetium

Technetium. The first element that was synthesized, rather than being discovered in nature, was technetium in 1937. This discovery filled a gap in the periodic table, and the fact that no stable isotopes of technetium exist explains its natural absence on Earth (and the gap).

How are heavier elements formed in supergiant star?

Large stars also produce elements heavier than iron via neutron capture. Because of higher temperatures in large stars, the neutrons are supplied from the interaction of helium with neon. This neutron capture process takes place over thousands of years.

What the heaviest elements are called?

The heaviest element, in terms of atomic weight, is element 118 or oganesson. The element with the highest density is osmium or iridium.

What element is a black crystal?

Floxxit (Fx) is a black crystal and has 4 electrons in its outermost energy level. Both rhaatrap (R) and doadeer (Do) have atoms with four energy levels.

Who created plutonium?

Glenn Seaborg

What is the smallest element on the periodic table?

helium

Atomic radii vary in a predictable way across the periodic table. As can be seen in the figures below, the atomic radius increases from top to bottom in a group, and decreases from left to right across a period. Thus, helium is the smallest element, and francium is the largest.

Which gas has smallest atom?

Helium

Explanation: Helium has the smallest atomic radius.

What is metallic character?

Metallic character describes the set of chemical properties that are associated with the elements classified as metals in the periodic table. Metallic character depends on the ability of an element to lose its outer valence electrons.

Which atom or ion is the largest?

We know when the no of protons (+ charge) are greater than the no of electrons (- charge), the nucleus pulls the electrons with greater force, hence making the size smaller. Clearly, the cations are smaller than the atoms, this largest atom/ion will be Ca.

What is the smallest ion?

More the nuclear charge on ion, electrons are more strongly attracted and thus size decreases. Hence, among the given ions Al³⁺ is the smallest ion.

Why is Na+ smaller than Na?

Na⁺ is smaller than Na atom because:

Sodium is a Group 1 element, so its only ionic state is Na⁺. Cations of a given element have a smaller radius than the neutral atom so that Na⁺ will decrease in size compared with the Na atom. Sodium atoms and sodium ions have the same number of protons. Each one has 11 protons.

Why is sodium larger than chlorine?

Na atoms are larger than Cl atoms because the latter have six more positive charges in their nuclei, which pull the atom’s electrons inward more strongly.

Why are ions formed?

Ions are formed by the addition of electrons to, or the removal of electrons from, neutral atoms or molecules or other ions; by combination of ions with other particles; or by rupture of a covalent bond between two atoms in such a way that both of the electrons of the bond are left in association with one of the …

How big is a atom?

about 10^–10 meters

Atomic Properties. The atom is about 10^–10 meters (or 10^–8 centimeters) in size. This means a row of 10⁸ (or 100,000,000) atoms would stretch a centimeter, about the size of your fingernail. Atoms of different elements are different sizes, but 10^–10 m can be thought of as a rough value for any atom.

Which atom is the smallest?

The element which has the smallest atomic mass is Hydrogen (H), which has a proton and an electron. The atomic radius decreases as we move from left to right along the period. And The atomic radius increases down the group. Thus, helium is the smallest element, and francium is the largest.

What is the largest nucleus?

lead-208

The largest known completely stable nucleus (i.e. stable to alpha, beta, and gamma decay) is lead-208 which contains a total of 208 nucleons (126 neutrons and 82 protons). Nuclei larger than this maximum are unstable and tend to be increasingly short-lived with larger numbers of nucleons.

What is the largest atom in the universe?

What Marinov of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and his colleagues claim to have discovered is a monstrous atom with by far the heaviest nucleus ever seen, packing a whopping 122 protons and 170 neutrons. Crucially, the team had not synthesised it in the lab, but found it in nature, in a sample of purified thorium.