The Lumad: More Than Just a Word, It’s a People

The Lumad: More Than Just a Word, It’s a People

Ever heard the term “Lumad” and wondered what it really means? It’s a word you’ll hear a lot in the Philippines, especially when talking about the island of Mindanao. But it’s more than just a label; it represents a vibrant and diverse group of indigenous communities with a rich history and culture. So, let’s dive in and unpack what “Lumad” truly signifies.

Simply put, “Lumad” is a Cebuano word that translates to “native” or “indigenous.” Think of it as an umbrella term, a way to collectively refer to the non-Muslim and non-Christian indigenous peoples who call Mindanao home. It’s a way to distinguish them from the Moro people, who are also indigenous but predominantly Muslim, and the Christian majority in the Philippines.

Now, here’s a cool fact: “Lumad” is actually short for Katawhang Lumad, which basically means “indigenous people.” This name wasn’t just plucked out of thin air; it was officially adopted back in 1986 by the Lumad Mindanao Peoples Federation. It was a moment of unity, a way for these diverse groups to stand together.

But why “Lumad,” a Cebuano word? Well, it might seem a bit odd at first, but the different tribes didn’t have a common language other than Cebuano. So, it became the perfect way to bridge the gap and create a shared identity. As historian Rudy Rodil put it, the rise of the name “Lumad” was really a political awakening during the tough years of President Ferdinand Marcos’ martial law. Representatives from 15 tribes came together and said, “Hey, we need a name that sets us apart.” And Lumad-Mindanao was born, with the goal of self-determination – basically, running their own affairs within their ancestral lands, respecting their traditions, all while being part of the Philippines.

Now, here’s where it gets really interesting. The Lumad aren’t one big, homogenous group. Nope, they’re made up of about 18 major ethnolinguistic groups! You’ve got the Bagobo, the Banwaon, the B’laan, and so many more – each with their own unique language, customs, and stories. The Manobo tribe is especially diverse, including groups like the Ata-Manobo, Agusan-Manobo, and Dulangan-Manobo. Imagine the tapestry of cultures and traditions!

And speaking of culture, Lumad traditions are bursting with life. Think vibrant languages, soulful chants, captivating rituals, and dances that tell stories of their ancestors. Many Lumad communities still live in the remote mountains, valleys, and coastal areas of Mindanao, holding onto their traditional ways of life.

They have this incredible connection to the land, practicing traditional farming and sharing resources as a community. Their beliefs are deeply rooted in nature, with spirits and gods for everything from the land to the water to the harvest. The mountains are sacred, and any misfortune is seen as a sign that the gods are not happy. It’s a world where nature and the spiritual realm are intertwined.

But life isn’t always easy for the Lumad. They face some serious challenges. Imagine losing your ancestral lands because of confusing legal systems or being forced off your property because someone wants to build a mine or a big agricultural business. It’s a constant struggle.

Poverty is also a major issue. Many Lumad communities are tucked away in remote areas, far from schools, hospitals, and job opportunities. And let’s not forget the human rights violations. It’s heartbreaking to think that these indigenous peoples, who have so much to offer, are often discriminated against and considered one of the poorest groups in the world.

And then there’s the issue of militarization. Sadly, Lumad communities often find themselves caught in the middle of conflicts between the government and armed groups. They’re sometimes unfairly labeled as rebel sympathizers, which leads to violence and displacement. Even schools aren’t safe, with reports of attacks and closures that leave children without access to education.

Despite all these hardships, the Lumad are still fighting for their rights. They’re demanding the right to their ancestral lands, the right to make their own decisions, and the right to preserve their unique cultures. They’ve even started their own schools and organizations to protect their heritage and advocate for their needs.

Now, here’s a little twist. On March 2, 2021, the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) made an announcement. They said that some elders and leaders from different indigenous groups in Mindanao have asked not to be called “Lumad” anymore. Instead, they prefer to be identified by their specific tribal names. It’s a reminder that even within this collective identity, individual preferences matter.

So, what’s the takeaway? “Lumad” is more than just a word. It’s a symbol of indigenous identity, a reminder of the rich history and diverse cultures of Mindanao. But it’s also a reminder that we need to respect the individual identities and preferences of the people who make up these communities. By understanding their struggles and supporting their rights, we can help create a brighter future for the Lumad people of Mindanao. They deserve nothing less.