Is there a software or means that can generate piper diagrams without some data?
Data & AnalysisOkay, here’s a revised version of the blog post, aiming for a more human and conversational tone: Piper Diagrams from Thin Air? When Your Water Data Isn’t Quite “All There” Piper diagrams – those cool-looking triangular charts – are a hydrochemist’s best friend. They’re fantastic for quickly visualizing and understanding the chemical makeup of water,
How is surface pressure generally measured, and at what actual height?
Earth ScienceAsked by: Jenny Robinson How do you measure surface pressure? Calculate surface pressure: P=F/A The force is distributed over the entire bearing surface. All that’s left to do is to divide the force by the calculated area to get the surface pressure. Which height is a measure of atmospheric pressure? One atmosphere (101.325 kPa or
Is the iron on Earth’s crust a leftover of the Iron catastrophe, or it was brought back by volcanoes?
Earth ScienceAsked by: Jenny Robinson So Iron is indeed a leftover of the iron catastrophe, and the reason why that fraction didn’t sink is because it was oxidized. Where did the iron in the Earth’s core come from? Billions of years ago, the newborn Earth morphed from a messy ball of mixed-up rock to a perfectly
How long ago was the first limestone formed?
Earth ScienceAsked by: Paul Reggae Limestone is found in sedimentary sequences as old as 2.7 billion years. However, the compositions of carbonate rocks show an uneven distribution in time in the geologic record. About 95% of modern carbonates are composed of high-magnesium calcite and aragonite. How was limestone first formed? Limestone has two origins: (1) biogenic
What are the dominant elements that oxygen is bonded to on earth?
Earth ScienceAsked by: Paul Reggae Oxygen is dominantly found in silicate minerals which, aside from silica, contain other elements. One way of looking at the chemical form of oxygen is to look at its bonds within the compounds. What element does oxygen bond with? Oxygen is reactive and will form oxides with all other elements except
Did the surfaces of the oceans freeze over entirely during the snowball Earth periods?
Earth ScienceAsked by: Randy Gray What ended the ice age? New University of Melbourne research has revealed that ice ages over the last million years ended when the tilt angle of the Earth’s axis was approaching higher values. What caused the ice age 10000 years ago? The onset of an ice age is related to the