How do Strainmeters work?

A strainmeter is an instrument used by geophysicists to measure the deformation of the Earth. Linear strainmeters measure the changes in the distance between two points, using either a solid piece of material (over a short distance) or a laser interferometer (over a long distance, up to several hundred meters). How effective are tiltmeters? While

What are two ways igneous rocks are formed?

The two main categories of igneous rocks are extrusive and intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed on the surface of the Earth from lava, which is magma that has emerged from underground. Intrusive rocks are formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet. How are the igneous rocks are formed? Igneous

When did the mudslide happen in California?

January 9, 2018 Homes and streets of a neighborhood affected by the Santa Barbara County mudslides Date January 9, 2018 Location Southern California, United States Cause Soil saturation from heavy rainfall, and deforestation due to recent wildfires Deaths 23 What caused the mudslide in California? The Thomas Fire began near Santa Barbara in December 2017

What is open stoping?

Stoping is practiced in underground mineral mining when the surrounding rock is strong enough to permit the drilling, blasting, and removal of ore without caving. In mines where the rock requires no artificial support, the operation is known as open stoping. What is stoping method? Stoping is the process of extracting the desired ore or

What is mineral Pleochroism?

Pleochroism or dichroism is the change in color evident as the mineral is rotated under plane-polarized light. The primary cause of dichroism or pleochroism in minerals is due to adsorption of particular wavelengths of light. What do you mean by pleochroism? pleochroism, (from Greek pleiōn, “more,” and chrōs, “colour”), in optics, the selective absorption in

Which rock withstands weathering well and is often used for statues?

Marble carves easily and resists breakage, suiting it well for fine art or decorative sculpture. The metamorphic version of sedimentary limestone and calcite deposits, marble naturally occurs in white, pink, green, gray, brown and black, depending on the other minerals present during its formation. Which two types of rocks are used to make sculptures? Alabaster

How are earthquakes detected?

Seismometers allow us to detect and measure earthquakes by converting vibrations due to seismic waves into electrical signals, which we can then display as seismograms on a computer screen. Seismologists study earthquakes and can use this data to determine where and how big a particular earthquake is. How are earthquakes detected and measured? A seismograph

How did the Quaternary period start?

The quaternary period began 2.6 million years ago and extends into the present. Climate change and the developments it spurs carry the narrative of the Quaternary, the most recent 2.6 million years of Earth’s history. Glaciers advance from the Poles and then retreat, carving and molding the land with each pulse. How did Quaternary period

Where are the oldest layers of rock usually found in a cliff made from sedimentary rock?

Where are the oldest layers of rock usually found in a cliff made from sedimentary rock single choice? Superposition. Sedimentary rocks are deposited one on top of another. Therefore, the youngest layers are found at the top, and the oldest layers are found at the bottom of the sequence. Where are the oldest rocks in

Where do fault block mountains occur?

Fault-block mountains are present in the Great Basin of the southwestern United States. They may have been present in the western and central parts of West Virginia about 550 million years ago. Complex mountains are formed when the crust is subjected to very large compressive forces (Figure 4). Which boundary do fault-block mountains form? Fault-block

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