Fissure-Type Volcanic Cones: Unveiling the Intricacies of Mountain Building

Volcanic cones are fascinating geological formations that have long fascinated scientists and geologists. These cones are formed when magma from the Earth’s mantle reaches the surface and solidifies. There are different types of volcanic cones, and one of the most interesting and unique types is the fissure-type volcanic cone. In this article, we will delve deeper into the fascinating world of fissure-type volcanic cones.

What are fissure-type volcanoes?

Fissure-type volcanic cones are a type of volcanic cone formed when lava erupts from a long, narrow crack or fissure in the Earth’s crust. Unlike other types of volcanic cones, fissure-type cones do not have a central vent. Instead, they consist of a series of vents along the length of the fissure that erupt magma from the mantle to the surface.

These cones can be found in many parts of the world, and their formation is often associated with tectonic plate movements. The movement of tectonic plates can cause the Earth’s crust to crack, creating fissures that allow magma to reach the surface.

Formation of fissure-type volcanic cones

The formation of fissure-type volcanic cones is a complex process involving several stages. It begins with the movement of magma from the Earth’s mantle to the surface. As the magma reaches the Earth’s crust, it encounters obstacles that prevent it from reaching the surface.

Over time, the pressure exerted by the magma builds up, causing the Earth’s crust to crack and form a fissure. Once the fissure is created, magma can flow freely through it and reach the surface, creating a series of vents that form the fissure-type volcanic cone.

The eruption of magma from the vents can be explosive or effusive, depending on the viscosity of the magma. If the magma is highly viscous, it will be difficult for gases to escape, leading to explosive eruptions. On the other hand, if the magma is less viscous, gases can escape easily, leading to effusive eruptions.

Examples of fissure-type volcanic cones

Fissure-type volcanic cones can be found in many parts of the world, but some of the most famous examples are in Iceland. The country is home to several fissure-type volcanic cones, including the Eldfell volcano and the Laki volcano.

The Eldfell volcano erupted in 1973 and is located on the island of Heimaey. The eruption lasted several months and led to the evacuation of the island’s population. The eruption also created a new fissure and several new vents, adding to the existing fissure-type volcanic cone.
The Laki volcano is located in the south of Iceland and is known for its massive eruption in 1783. The eruption lasted eight months and released a massive amount of lava, ash and gases into the atmosphere. The eruption also created a new fissure and several new vents, adding to the existing fissure-type volcanic cone.

Conclusion

Fissure-type volcanic cones are a unique and fascinating type of volcanic cone that played an important role in the formation of the Earth’s crust. Their formation is often associated with tectonic plate movements, and they can be found in different parts of the world. Understanding the formation and behavior of fissure-type volcanic cones is essential for predicting their eruptions and mitigating their impact on human populations.

FAQs

What is a fissure-type volcanic cone?

A fissure-type volcanic cone is a type of volcanic cone that is formed when lava erupts from a long, narrow crack or fissure in the Earth’s crust.

How are fissure-type volcanic cones formed?

Fissure-type volcanic cones are formed when magma from the Earth’s mantle reaches the surface through a crack or fissure in the Earth’s crust. The pressure exerted by the magma builds up, causing the Earth’s crust to crack and create a fissure. Once the fissure is created, magma can freely flow through it and reach the surface, creating a series of vents that form the fissure-type volcanic cone.

What is the difference between a fissure-type volcanic cone and a stratovolcano?

Unlike fissure-type volcanic cones, stratovolcanoes have a central vent and are built up over time by multiple eruptions. Stratovolcanoes are also typically taller and more conical in shape than fissure-type volcanic cones.

What are some examples of fissure-type volcanic cones?

Some examples of fissure-type volcanic cones include Eldfell volcano and Laki volcano, both located in Iceland. The Laki eruption in 1783 was one of the largest fissure eruptions in recorded history.

Can fissure-type volcanic cones be dangerous?

Yes, fissure-type volcanic cones can be dangerous during eruptions. The eruption of magma from the vents can be explosive or effusive, depending on the viscosity of the magma. Explosive eruptions can lead to the release of ash, lava, and gases, which can be harmful to human populations and the environment.

How are fissure-type volcanic cones studied?

Fissure-type volcanic cones are studied using a variety of techniques, including remote sensing, geological mapping, and geochemical analysis. Scientists also monitor seismic activity and gas emissions to predict eruptions and mitigate their impact on human populations.

What role do fissure-type volcanic cones play in mountain building?

Fissure-type volcanic cones play a significant role in mountain building by adding layers of volcanic material to the Earth’s crust. Over time, the accumulation of volcanic material can create mountains and other elevated landforms. The movement of tectonic plates can also cause the Earth’s crust to crack, creating fissures that allow magma to reach the surface and form fissure-type volcanic cones.